Solid-state lithium-ion batteries utilize a solid electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte. The electrolyte of a lithium-ion battery is the substance that lithium ions pass through when travelling between the cathode and anode. This ion transit is an integral part of a lithium-ion battery’s charging and discharging process.
As they stand, liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion batteries are widely-used in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. However, they are heavy: A liquid-electrolyte lithium-ion battery pack for a high-performance electric vehicle can easily weigh more than a thousand pounds. They are also plagued with the safety issue of igniting on impact, or if they come into contact with water.
A solid electrolyte can offer a higher density than a liquid electrolyte, has an improved safety profile, and can last longer. This means that solid-state lithium-ion batteries are capable of offering more power and improved safety.
Some examples of solid electrolytes (SE) used by solid-state lithium-ion batteries:
- Halide.
- Silver Sulfide.
- Lead fluoride.
- Polyethylene oxide.